Copyright © 2022 All rights reserved by med
STOMACH OPERATIONS
What is Bariatric Surgery?
Bariatric surgery is used as a treatment method including restrictive, malabsorptive and combined surgical interventions in people who can change the anatomy of the GI tract and who are not successful in conservative treatment of obesity. Before an extremely obese person is considered for surgery, a comprehensive program that includes exercise, lifestyle modification, psychological counseling and family involvement must be shown to be successful. It has been recognized as the only long-term effective treatment for class III obesity with a BMI of 40 or more (or a BMI of 35 or more with comorbidities). The aim of surgery is to achieve 50-75% body weight loss within 5 years.
Indications for Bariatric Surgery
In most fields, qualifications for bariatric surgery include
What are these factors important for Adolescents and Older Adults in Special Situations?
Adolescents
Contraindications to Bariatric Surgery
Bariatric Surgery methods
Sleeve gastrectomy (Sleeve Gastrectomy)
It is the most commonly used method. It is done by removing approximately 80% of the stomach. In this way, the stomach volume is reduced. Appetite decreases as the secretion of the hormone ghrelin decreases. Weight loss is seen both hormonally and due to the change in stomach size. There may be leaks in the stapling line.
Gastric Bypass - Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB)
With this method, the stomach is reduced to the size of a coffee cup. It then connects directly to the small intestine, allowing nutrients to be absorbed and excreted without digestion. The small volume of the stomach ensures that the food consumed is limited. Poor absorption also supports this, accelerating weight loss. Malnutrition causes vitamin and mineral deficiencies.
Mini Gastric Bypass
It is a simpler method compared to gastric bypass. Unlike gastric bypass surgeries, the stomach is reduced in both, but in gastric bypass surgery, the intestine is cut into the stomach, while in mini gastric surgery, the intestine is connected to the stomach without being cut.
Gastric band (Gastric band, clamp)
It is a restrictive method. A small bag with a volume of 30 mL is created proximal to the stomach. Filling this space makes you feel full, which leads to less food consumption. This method is easily applicable, recyclable.
Stomach Botox
Gastric Botox is the process of injecting botulinum toxin into certain parts of the stomach by endoscopic method. This reduces the level of the hunger hormone ghrelin. This slows down gastric emptying and delays the onset of hunger. This procedure is widely used today. Not recommended for those allergic to Botox and those with muscle disease.
Intragastric balloon (Gastric Balloon)
It is inserted endoscopically into the stomach. Provides satiety by reducing stomach volume and exerting pressure on the vagus nerve. The most common complication is vomiting. The biggest advantage of this method is that the normal diet can be continued with portion control. Weight maintenance can also be achieved when the balloon is removed by losing weight and maintaining eating habits.
Nutrition after Bariatric Surgery
Nutrition and physical activity are of great importance after bariatric surgery. Regular nutrition and exercise should be part of every aspect of your life. So it should be part of your life. In order to transition to a normal diet after bariatric surgery, certain processes must be passed. Different diets are applied at different times in the postoperative period.
Complications of Bariatric Surgery?
Complications vary depending on the type of surgery. These complications are triggered by advanced age and blood clotting problems. People who are extremely obese are also likely to experience these complications. Usually;
Gastrointestinal semptomlar:
What should be the process before Bariatric Surgery?
The use of aspirin or aspirin-containing drugs and blood thinners should be stopped. Before surgery, the dietitian should determine the nutritional deficiencies and current nutrient intake and requirements of the individual and apply a nutrition program specific to the individual.
What should be adequate weight loss after Bariatric Surgery?
Optimal weight loss is to lose 50-80% of excess body weight.
Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery
It is possible to become pregnant 18 months after bariatric surgery. However, if the individual has had sleeve gastrectomy surgery, he/she should wait 1 year.